ANALISIS PEMANFAATAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DALAM PELAYANAN PUBLIK MENURUT PRINSIP FIKIH SIYĀSAH

Abstract

In recent years, governments in various countries, including Indonesia, have begun to utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve the efficiency of public services, such as through Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) and chatbots. Despite its benefits, Artificial Intelligence also poses ethical risks, such as algorithmic bias, over-surveillance, and privacy violations. This research aims to provide an overview and analysis of the use of Artificial Intelligence in public services based on the principles of Fikih Siyasah. This study employs a normative legal method with a conceptual and statutory approach to examine the use of Artificial Intelligence in public services in light of Fikih Siyasah principles, as well as to explore moral and ethical boundaries, including the risk of government data misuse. The findings indicate that the use of Artificial Intelligence in public services faces challenges such as privacy violations, dehumanization, and the potential for authoritarian and discriminatory actions. Therefore, its utilization must be grounded in the principles of Fikih Siyasah to ensure efficiency, transparency, and the protection of citizens' rights. With strict regulation and participatory oversight, Artificial Intelligence can serve as a tool for public benefit without compromising Islamic ethical and moral values.

Abstrak

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, pemerintah di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia, mulai memanfaatkan Artificial Intelligence untuk meningkatkan efisiensi layanan publik, seperti melalui Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) dan chatbot. Meski bermanfaat, Artificial Intelligence juga menimbulkan risiko etis seperti bias algoritma, pengawasan berlebihan, dan pelanggaran privasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran dan penjelasan tentang pemanfaatan kecerdasan buatan dalam pelayanan publik berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Fikih Siyasah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan untuk mengkaji penggunaan Artificial Intelligence dalam pelayanan publik sesuai prinsip Fikih Siyasah, serta menelaah batasan moral dan etika, termasuk risiko penyalahgunaan data oleh pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Artificial Intelligence dalam pelayanan publik menghadapi tantangan seperti pelanggaran privasi, dehumanisasi, serta potensi tindakan otoriter dan diskriminatif. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatannya perlu berlandaskan prinsip Fikih Siyasah agar tetap efisien, transparan, dan melindungi hak masyarakat. Dengan regulasi ketat dan pengawasan partisipatif, Artificial Intelligence dapat menjadi sarana kemaslahatan tanpa mengabaikan nilai etis dan moral Islam.